Macnaha lithium{0}} baytari elektarooniga ah?

◆Waa maxay electrolytes aqueous?

◆Hordhac Electrolytes Adag

Electrolyt-ka, oo ah qayb lama huraan ah oo ka mid ahlithium - baytariyada ion, waxa uu door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraa kharashka batteriga - wareegyada sii daynta

Ma aha oo kaliya mas'uul ka ah gaadiidka hufan ee lithium ions iyo socodsiinta hadda, laakiin sidoo kale waxay leedahay sifooyin dahaarka elektarooniga ah si ay si wax ku ool ah uga hortagto socodka tooska ah ee elektiroonigga ah ee u dhexeeya electrodes togan iyo taban. Hadal ahaan, electrolyte-ku waa sida "dhiiga" gudaha lithium batari{1}ion, hubinta isku xidhka udhaxeeya walxaha korantada togan iyo kuwa taban, si loo dammaanad qaado habsami u socodka kharashka oo dhan-habka soo daynta.

Electrolytka ugu fiican ee loogu talagalay baytari lithium{0}ion waa inuu buuxiyaa shanta shuruudood ee soo socda:

Baahida sii kordhaysa ee cufnaanta tamarta batteriga iyo cufnaanta tamarta, tignoolajiyada baytarigu si degdeg ah ayay u horumaraysaa, agabka korantadana waxa ay sameeyeen horumar la taaban karo. Taas bedelkeeda, horumarinta hababka elektrolytka ayaa dib u dhacay. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, horumarinta lithium-ka - baytariyada ion waxa si balaadhan loogu kala saari karaa saddex nooc: Electrolytes-ka dareeraha ah ee aan -Aqueous electrolytes, aqueous electrolytes, iyo adag-state electrolytes.

Electrolyte-ka dareeraha ah ee aan -

 

Aan -Batariyada dareeraha ah ee lithium-ka ah - baytariyada ion waxay tixraacaan nidaamyada elektrolytka ee aan ku jirin biyaha, inta badan ka kooban dareerayaasha, solutes (sida caadiga ah lithium cusbada), iyo waxyaabaha lagu daro. Kuwan aan - dareerayaasha biyo-mareenka ahi caadi ahaan waa dareerayaal dabiici ah, halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen dareerayaasha aqueous, si looga fogaado korantada biyaha ama falcelinta xun ee walxaha korantada. Lithium cusbada waa sidayaasha aasaasiga ah ee gaadiidka lithium -, dareerayaashu waxay u adeegaan sida kala dirida, kala firdhinta, iyo taageerada milixda lithium, iyo waxyaabaha lagu daro waxay u shaqeeyaan ugu horayn si ay u horumariyaan waxqabadka korantada ama badbaadada baytariyada lithium.

Electrolytes ganacsi ahaan loo heli karo (ie, dareeraha electrolytes) ee loo isticmaalo lithium{2} baytariyada ion waxay ugu horrayn ka kooban yihiin hal ama in ka badan oo lithium cusbo ah oo lagu milmay laba ama in ka badan oo dareere dabiici ah; Electrolytes ka kooban hal dareere waa dhif. Sababta loo isticmaalo xalal badan ayaa ah in- baytariyada dunidu ay leeyihiin shuruudo kala duwan, xitaa iska hor imanaya kuwaas oo ay adagtahay in la buuxiyo iyadoo la isticmaalayo hal dareere. Tusaale ahaan, electrolytes waxaa laga yaabaa inay u baahdaan dareere sare iyagoo sidoo kale leh dielectric joogto ah; Sidaa darteed, dareerayaasha leh sifooyinka physicochemical ee kala duwan ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa isku-dhafka, oo muujinaya sifooyin kala duwan isku mar. Intaa waxaa dheer, cusbada lithium-ka guud ahaan isku mar lama isticmaalo sababtoo ah xulashada milixda lithium waa mid xadidan, faa'iidooyinkooduna si fudud uma muuqdaan.

Walxaha dabiiciga ah ee ku habboon waa inay lahaadaan sifooyinka muhiimka ah ee soo socda: Marka hore, waxay u baahan yihiin dielectric joogto ah oo joogto ah si loo hubiyo kala diris wanaagsan ee cusbada lithium; labaad, waa inay lahaadaan bar dhalaalaysa oo hooseeya iyo barta karkarinta sare si ay u ballaadhiyaan heerkulka hawlgalka ee elektrolytka; saddexaad, viscosity hoose wuxuu caawiyaa kor u qaadida guuritaanka hufan ee lithium ions ee dhexdhexaadka ah; iyo ugu dambayntii, dareerayaashani waa inay ahaadaan kuwo aan qaali ahayn oo suntoodu hoosayso (sida ugu fiican -aan ahayn sun). Xeryahooda Carbonate, sida mid ka mid ah kuwa ugu horreeya uguna badan ee loo isticmaalo dareerayaasha dabiiciga ah ee lithium{2}}warshadaha baytariga ion, waxa ay fadhiistaan ​​boos muhiim ah goobta electrolytes batteriga.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, dareeraha noocaan ah wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay laba qaab dhismeed: wareeg iyo silsilad. Jadwalka hoose waxa uu soo koobayaa cabirrada jidheed ee khuseeya dhawrka badan ee aan caadi ahaan loo isticmaalin{1} dareerayaasha biyaha, elektirolytka, iyo dareerayaasha organic

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, dareerayaasha alkyl carbonate ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa korantada. Walxahani waxay leeyihiin iska caabin oksaydhismeed wanaagsan waxayna muujiyaan xasillooni heer sare ah oo hoos timaada xaaladaha tamarta sare. Kaarboonaynada wareegga ah, sida ethylene carbonate iyo propylene carbonate, ayaa lagu yaqaannaa joogtooyinkooda dielectric sare, taasoo la macno ah inay si wax ku ool ah u milmi karaan cusbada lithium; si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo ay ugu wacan tahay xoogag isdhexgal ah oo xooggan, dareerayaashani waxay leeyihiin viscosity sare, kaas oo hoos u dhigaya dhaqdhaqaaqa lithium ions dhexdooda. Taas bedelkeeda, kaarboonnada silsiladda ah, sida dimethyl carbonate iyo diethyl carbonate, halka ay leeyihiin viscosity hoose, sidoo kale waxay leeyihiin joogtooyin dielectric ah oo aad u hooseeya, taasoo keentay in wax ku oolnimada lithium cusbada ay liidato. Sidaa darteed, si loo diyaariyo nidaamyada xalalka leh conductivity ionic sare, noocyo kala duwan oo dareere ah ayaa inta badan isku qasan, sida PC+DEC ama EC+DMC isku darka. Lithium cusbada, sida isha lithium ions ee elektrolytka, ayaa door weyn ka ciyaara lithium - gaadiidka ion ion inta lagu jiro habka dallacaadda iyo bixinta ee baytariyada lithium{8} Waxqabadkoodu wuxuu si toos ah u saameeyaa dhinacyo badan oo baytariyada lithium-ka ah, oo ay ku jiraan cufnaanta tamarta, cufnaanta tamarta, kala duwanaanshaha danab shaqaynta, nolosha meertada, iyo badbaadada. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, cilmi-baarista shaybaadhka iyo ku-dhaqanka warshadaha, cusbada lithium ee leh radiyada anionic ee waaweyn iyo xasilloonida dib-u-dhiska sare ayaa caadi ahaan la doortaa. Iyada oo ku saleysan halabuurka kiimikada, milixyada lithium waxaa si ballaaran loo kala saari karaa laba qaybood: cusbada lithium-ka ee aan organic iyo cusbada lithium-ka organic. Dhawr cusbo ah oo lithium ah ayaa la sameeyay, oo ay ku jiraan LiPF6, LiClO4, LIBF, iyo LIASF. Taa beddelkeeda, cusbada lithium-ka organic ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo ee lithium-ka - baytariyada ion waxa lagu habeeyey iyadoo lagu darayo elektarooniga{18}}kooxo la jiido anions of lithium cusbada aan noolaha lahayn, sida lithium dioxalato{19}}borate (LiBOB), lithium difluorooxalato{{20}nyfolithium (LiFSI), iyo lithium ditrifluoromethylsulfonylimide (LTFSI) .Shaxda hoose waxay tusaysaa sifooyinka physicochemical ee la xidhiidha cusbada lithium-ka ee badan ee loo isticmaalo lithium({22}} baytariyada ion).

Waxyaalaha lagu daro waa maaddooyin lagu daro electrolyte-ka oo ah xaddi yar (badanaa wax aan ka badnayn 10% cufnaanta) kuwaas oo leh hawlo gaar ah oo si weyn u wanaajin kara sifooyinka korantada ee baytariga. Iyadoo lagu salaynayo hawlahooda, waxyaalaha lagu daro waxa si balaadhan loogu kala saari karaa dhawr qaybood: filimka - samaynta waxyaalaha lagu daro, ololka dib u dhiga, iyo waxyaalaha lagu daro si looga hortago in xad dhaafka ah lagu dalaco. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira waxyaabo lagu daro oo loo isticmaalo in lagu wanaajiyo dhaqdhaqaaqa, kor loogu qaado waxqabadka hooseeyo-xaaladaha kulaylka, ama xakamaynta cadadka raadadka iyo uruurinta HF ee xalka elektrolytka.